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Research impact: a narrative review.

Trisha Greenhalgh1, James Raftery2, Steve Hanney3

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Research impact assessment measures benefits beyond academic knowledge. While robust methods exist, they are often resource-intensive, highlighting the need for broader impact measurement and developing new methodologies.

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Health gainsImplementation scienceKnowledge translationMonetisationPayback FrameworkResearch accountabilityResearch impactResearch utilization

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Area of Science:

  • Research Impact Assessment
  • Knowledge Translation
  • Societal Benefits

Background:

  • Research impact extends beyond academic knowledge, encompassing health, economic, and cultural benefits.
  • Measuring research impact involves complex mechanisms of knowledge generation and utilization.
  • Existing impact measurement methods face criticism regarding their scope and feasibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the strengths and limitations of established and emerging research impact assessment approaches.
  • To identify challenges and opportunities in measuring the diverse outcomes of research.
  • To inform the development of more comprehensive impact assessment methodologies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of six established impact assessment frameworks (e.g., Payback, Research Impact Framework, CAHS, monetisation, SIA, UK REF).
  • Evaluation of recently developed, largely untested methods, including metrics and electronic databases.
  • Analysis of the processes and activities through which research impact is achieved.

Main Results:

  • No single impact assessment approach is universally superior; suitability depends on the context.
  • Sophisticated and robust impact assessment methods are often labor-intensive and costly.
  • Current metrics primarily capture direct impacts; indirect and diffuse impacts require further measurement.
  • The field of research impact assessment is rapidly evolving with new methodologies emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Different research impact assessment approaches suit different circumstances.
  • The feasibility and affordability of robust methods remain significant considerations.
  • Expanding measurement to include indirect and diffuse research impacts is crucial.
  • Ongoing development in research impact methodologies promises more comprehensive assessments.