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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
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Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Intussusception in Children Aged Less than Five years.

Sanjay Mehendale1, C P Girish Kumar2, S Venkatasubramanian2

  • 1National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, II Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai, 600077, India. sanjaymehendale@icmr.org.in.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|May 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identified 205 pediatric intussusception cases in Chennai, India, with most managed non-surgically. Data collection is crucial for assessing rotavirus vaccine impact on intussusception rates.

Keywords:
ChennaiIndiaIntussusceptionRetrospectiveRotavirus vaccineSurveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Intussusception is a significant cause of intestinal obstruction in infants and children.
  • The introduction of rotavirus vaccine in India necessitates understanding baseline intussusception rates.
  • Chennai serves as a key urban center for pediatric healthcare in South India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of pediatric intussusception in Chennai.
  • To describe the clinical characteristics and management outcomes.
  • To emphasize the need for systematic data collection regarding rotavirus vaccination status.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records from eight major Chennai hospitals (July 2012-June 2013).
  • Inclusion of demographic and clinical data, including diagnostic and treatment modalities.
  • Classification of cases based on Brighton collaboration criteria for diagnostic certainty.

Main Results:

  • 205 cases of intussusception were diagnosed over a one-year period.
  • Median age was 9 months, with a male predominance (1.8:1 ratio).
  • Ileocolic intussusception was most common (80.4%); 59.8% were managed non-surgically, with 26.5% requiring initial surgery.

Conclusions:

  • The study establishes the annual burden of intussusception in Chennai's pediatric population.
  • Rotavirus vaccine data was not collected, highlighting a critical data gap.
  • Recommendations include collecting rotavirus vaccine data and conducting further retrospective and prospective studies to evaluate vaccine impact.