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Coexisting Liquid Phases Underlie Nucleolar Subcompartments.

Marina Feric1, Nilesh Vaidya1, Tyler S Harmon2

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The nucleolus forms distinct liquid phases through molecular component separation, creating subcompartments. This phase separation mechanism, driven by biophysical properties, explains the organization of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) bodies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Membrane-less organelles like the nucleolus assemble via phase separation.
  • The formation of internal subcompartments within these organelles remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism behind the formation of subcompartments within the nucleolus.
  • To determine if phase separation can explain the organization of internal structures in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) bodies.

Main Methods:

  • Combined in vivo and in vitro studies.
  • Utilized computational modeling.
  • Analyzed phase separation of purified nucleolar proteins.

Main Results:

  • Nucleolar subcompartments were identified as distinct, coexisting liquid phases.
  • Purified nucleolar proteins formed non-coalescing liquid phases in vitro, mimicking in vivo organization.
  • Differences in biophysical properties, such as surface tension, driven by sequence-encoded features cause layered droplet organization.

Conclusions:

  • Phase separation generates multilayered liquids within the nucleolus.
  • This mechanism likely facilitates sequential RNA processing in various ribonucleoprotein (RNP) bodies.