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Physiological consequences of human skin aging
1Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021.
Abstract:
The expression and treatment of cutaneous disease in the elderly differ from those applicable to younger adults. Anatomical changes in aging skin result in altered physiological behavior and susceptibility to disease. Decreased epidermal renewal and tissue repair accompany the aging process. The rate of hair and nail growth declines, as well as the quantity of eccrine, apocrine, and sebum secretion. There are alterations in immune surveillance and antigen presentation with aging. The cutaneous vascular supply is decreased, leading to decreases in inflammatory response, absorption, and cutaneous clearance. Impaired thermal regulation, tactile sensitivity, and pain perception occur as one ages. We summarize the major changes that occur during the intrinsic aging process of the skin to facilitate the recognition and treatment of skin disease in the older patient.
Insights
Aging skin undergoes significant anatomical and physiological changes, affecting disease susceptibility and treatment in older adults. Understanding these intrinsic aging processes is crucial for effective dermatological care in the elderly.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Gerontology
- Aging Research
Background:
- Aging skin exhibits distinct anatomical and physiological alterations compared to younger skin.
- These changes impact disease presentation, susceptibility, and treatment efficacy in elderly patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the major intrinsic aging processes of the skin.
- To aid in the recognition and treatment of cutaneous diseases in older individuals.
Main Methods:
- Review of anatomical and physiological changes associated with intrinsic skin aging.
- Synthesis of data on altered epidermal renewal, immune function, and vascular supply.
Main Results:
- Reduced epidermal renewal, tissue repair, and hair/nail growth.
- Decreased eccrine, apocrine, and sebum secretion.
- Altered immune surveillance, antigen presentation, and cutaneous vascular supply, impacting inflammatory responses and clearance.
Conclusions:
- Intrinsic aging significantly alters skin structure and function, influencing disease expression.
- Recognition of these age-related changes is essential for optimizing dermatological care in the elderly.