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Related Concept Videos

Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation of Human In Vitro Neural Cultures in Multi-Well Microelectrode Arrays
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Acoustic neuromodulation from a basic science prospective.

Elisabetta Sassaroli1, Natalia Vykhodtseva1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Focused Ultrasound Lab, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115 USA.

Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound
|May 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores biophysical models to understand how acoustic waves, like ultrasound, affect neuronal activity by examining electro-mechanical coupling. It proposes new hypotheses for neuronal stimulation and modulation via mechanical forces.

Keywords:
Action potentialCavitationElectromechanical couplingFlexoelectricityFocused ultrasoundHodgkin–Huxley modelNeuromodulationNeurostimulationPiezoelectricitySoliton

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Neuronal activity involves electrical and chemical signaling.
  • Emerging evidence points to electro-mechanical coupling in neural function.
  • A unified theory for neuronal activity's electrical, chemical, and mechanical aspects is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present biophysical models for understanding acoustic modulation of neuronal activity.
  • To explore the mechanical aspects of neuronal function.
  • To investigate the implications of these models for ultrasound stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of the soliton model.
  • Analysis of the neuronal intramembrane cavitation excitation model.
  • Examination of the flexoelectricity hypothesis.

Main Results:

  • Models provide insights into mechanical aspects of neuronal activity.
  • Hypotheses offer explanations for electro-mechanical coupling.
  • Analysis suggests potential mechanisms for ultrasound's effects.

Conclusions:

  • Biophysical models are crucial for understanding neuronal mechanotransduction.
  • Further research into mechanical aspects can unify theories of neuronal activity.
  • These models offer a framework for developing novel ultrasound-based neuromodulation techniques.