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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Hematopoiesis01:21

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
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Telomerase in hematologic malignancies.

Claudia Bruedigam1, Steven W Lane

  • 1aDivision of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute bRoyal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Cancer Care Services cUniversity of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Current Opinion in Hematology
|May 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomerase inhibitors like imetelstat show promise for blood cancers, particularly myeloid malignancies. Further research is needed to understand mechanisms and optimize combination therapies for improved patient outcomes.

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Generation of Cancer Cell Clones to Visualize Telomeric Repeat-containing RNA TERRA Expressed from a Single Telomere in Living Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Telomere maintenance is crucial for cancer cell survival.
  • Telomerase activation is a hallmark of many cancers.
  • Targeting telomerase is a promising cancer treatment strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biology of telomere maintenance in health and disease.
  • To focus on the development of telomerase inhibitors for blood cancers.
  • To summarize preclinical and clinical findings of telomerase inhibition in hematologic malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical studies on telomerase inhibitors.
  • Analysis of imetelstat's activity in hematologic malignancies.
  • Evaluation of current and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • Imetelstat demonstrates activity in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia.
  • Telomerase inhibition shows significant efficacy in myeloid malignancies.
  • Further investigation into mechanisms of action and genetic susceptibilities is warranted.

Conclusions:

  • Telomerase inhibition is a viable therapeutic strategy for blood cancers.
  • Combination therapies with chemotherapy and novel agents require evaluation.
  • Robust preclinical studies are essential for clinical translation.