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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Long Noncoding RNAs Regulate Cell Growth, Proliferation, and Apoptosis.

Jingqiu Li1,2, Haihua Tian1,2,3, Jie Yang1,2

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of cellular processes and cancer progression. This review explores their molecular mechanisms, highlighting roles in cell growth, apoptosis, and epigenetic regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • The human genome contains numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that lack protein-coding function.
  • lncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their critical roles in fundamental cellular activities, including growth, proliferation, and apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs influence cellular processes.
  • To explore the involvement of lncRNAs in cancer progression and epigenetic regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on molecular mechanisms of lncRNA function.
  • Analysis of lncRNA interactions with cell cycle regulators, chromatin modifiers, and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs regulate cell cycle proteins (cyclins, CDKs, CDK inhibitors).
  • lncRNAs act as scaffolds/guides for chromatin modifiers and signals in DNA damage response.
  • lncRNAs function as decoys (protein, microRNA) and modulate oncogenes/tumor suppressors.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are pivotal in controlling cell behavior and are implicated in cancer.
  • Further research into lncRNA functions, particularly in epigenetics, holds therapeutic potential.