Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

2.2K
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
2.2K
Secretory Phase01:19

Secretory Phase

2.5K
The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, spanning from day 14 to 28 in a typical 28-day cycle, is a period of significant physiological changes in the female reproductive system. This phase commences immediately after ovulation and is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for potential embryo implantation.
Following ovulation, the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure, produces progesterone and estrogens. These hormones stimulate the growth and coiling of endometrial...
2.5K
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

5.7K
The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a...
5.7K
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

1.4K
The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
1.4K
Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

1.7K
The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
1.7K
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

5.0K
The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Belief in the 'Undetectable equals Untransmissible'(U=U) statement and associations with stigma, mental health and sexual satisfaction in people living with HIV (PWH) in the UK.

AIDS (London, England)·2026
Same author

Management of children and adolescents with failing kidney allografts-a review of current practice across Europe.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)·2026
Same author

Men matter: a cross-sectional exploration of the forgotten fathers of children born to adolescent mothers in South Africa.

BMJ open·2025
Same author

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 antibody prevalence in adults with HIV.

AIDS (London, England)·2025
Same author

Correction: Methodology for the Positive Voices 2022 Survey of People With HIV Accessing Care in England, Wales, and Scotland: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

JMIR research protocols·2025
Same author

Methodology for the Positive Voices 2022 Survey of People With HIV Accessing Care in England, Wales, and Scotland: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

JMIR research protocols·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Measurement of Factor V Activity in Human Plasma Using a Microplate Coagulation Assay
13:08

Measurement of Factor V Activity in Human Plasma Using a Microplate Coagulation Assay

Published on: September 9, 2012

19.5K

Plasma factor XIII level variations during menstrual cycle.

Lava A T Sharief1, Andrew S Lawrie, Ian J Mackie

  • 1aObstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Haemophilia centre and Thrombosis Unit, Royal Free Hospital NHS Foundation Trust bHaemostasis Research Unit, Department of Haematology, University College London, London, UK cThrombosis and Hemophilia Treatment Centre, Coagulation Centre Rhine-Ruhr area, Duisburg, Germany dDepartment of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK eAngelo Bianchi Bonomi Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis : an International Journal in Haemostasis and Thrombosis
|May 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Factor XIII (FXIII) activity, crucial for controlling bleeding, is lowest during the menstrual and periovulatory phases. This study found no significant correlation between FXIII levels and menstrual blood loss, suggesting minimal clinical impact.

More Related Videos

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Tissue Factor Expression in Human Platelets
10:08

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Tissue Factor Expression in Human Platelets

Published on: November 22, 2024

1.8K
The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well
06:59

The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well

Published on: February 27, 2026

62

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Measurement of Factor V Activity in Human Plasma Using a Microplate Coagulation Assay
13:08

Measurement of Factor V Activity in Human Plasma Using a Microplate Coagulation Assay

Published on: September 9, 2012

19.5K
Flow Cytometry Analysis of Tissue Factor Expression in Human Platelets
10:08

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Tissue Factor Expression in Human Platelets

Published on: November 22, 2024

1.8K
The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well
06:59

The Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay: Simultaneous Fluorogenic Measurement of Thrombin and Plasmin Generation in a Single Well

Published on: February 27, 2026

62

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Hemostasis and Thrombosis

Background:

  • Factor XIII (FXIII) plays a vital role in hemostasis by cross-linking fibrin, stabilizing clots.
  • The dynamic changes in FXIII activity throughout the normal menstrual cycle and its relationship with menstrual blood loss remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate fluctuations in Factor XIII activity across different phases of the menstrual cycle.
  • To determine the correlation between FXIII activity levels and the volume of menstrual blood loss.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 32 healthy women of reproductive age.
  • Assessed FXIII levels during menstrual, proliferative, periovulatory, secretory, and premenstrual phases.
  • Quantified menstrual blood loss using the pictorial blood-assessment chart (PBAC) and a bleeding score questionnaire.

Main Results:

  • FXIII activity was significantly lower during the menstrual and periovulatory phases compared to secretory and premenstrual phases.
  • No significant correlation was observed between FXIII levels during the menstrual phase and age or PBAC scores.
  • FXIII levels did not differ significantly between women with high (>100) versus low (<100) PBAC scores.

Conclusions:

  • Factor XIII activity exhibits a cyclical pattern, being lowest during menstruation and ovulation.
  • The observed variations in FXIII activity during the menstrual cycle are unlikely to significantly affect the diagnosis or clinical management of FXIII deficiency.