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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

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Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
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Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
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Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

5.2K
The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

24.0K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
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The Fukushima nuclear disaster is ongoing.

Andrew R Marks

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |May 24, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Lessons from the Chernobyl disaster inform our understanding of the Fukushima nuclear accident. Fukushima

    Area of Science:

    • Nuclear Safety and Environmental Science
    • Disaster Management and Public Health

    Background:

    • Recent anniversaries of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disasters highlight their catastrophic nature.
    • Contrasting responses to these events: Chernobyl utilized clear radioactive contamination warnings, while Fukushima lacks them.
    • Concerns exist regarding inadequate radiation protection for Fukushima decontamination workers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the disaster management and public health responses to the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents.
    • To emphasize the importance of acknowledging the scale of nuclear plant disasters.
    • To leverage Chernobyl's long-term health and environmental data as a predictor for Fukushima.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of historical nuclear accident responses.

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  • Review of safety protocols and public communication strategies.
  • Assessment of environmental and health impacts based on historical data.

    • Main Results:

    • Fukushima's decontamination efforts lack visible international radioactivity warnings, unlike Chernobyl.
    • Inadequate radiation protection for workers at Fukushima is a significant concern.
    • Chernobyl's long-term consequences serve as a critical reference for Fukushima's ongoing challenges.

    Conclusions:

    • Open acknowledgment of nuclear disaster management complexities is crucial.
    • Lessons learned from Chernobyl are vital for addressing Fukushima's health and environmental issues.
    • Effective radiation safety measures and transparent communication are paramount for nuclear disaster recovery.