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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Autoantibodies Against DFS70/LEDGF Exclusion Markers for Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (SARD).

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    Isolated anti-DFS70 antibodies, detected via indirect immunofluorescence assays on HEp-2 cells (IF-ANA), are valuable for excluding systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). Their presence in healthy individuals suggests they are not indicative of SARD.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Rheumatology
    • Serology

    Background:

    • Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are key serological markers for systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD).
    • Indirect immunofluorescence assays on HEp-2 cells (IF-ANA) are standard for ANA detection but have limited specificity.
    • Isolated anti-DFS70 antibodies, found in healthy individuals, are increasingly recognized as a biomarker to exclude SARD.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the literature on anti-DFS70 antibodies and their role in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD).
    • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of anti-DFS70 antibodies as a biomarker for excluding SARD.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on DFS70/LEDGF protein and anti-DFS70 determination in human sera.
    • Critical analysis of existing literature concerning anti-DFS70 and SARD.
    • Inclusion of own experiences and data from NCBI and other relevant sources.

    Main Results:

    • Anti-DFS70 antibodies, characterized by a dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern, are present in 7.8 ± 6.2% of healthy individuals.
    • Prevalence in routine IF-ANA screenings ranges from 0.8% to 8.4%, with isolated anti-DFS70 found in only 0.7% of SARD patients.
    • A likelihood ratio (LR+) of 10.9 suggests anti-DFS70 positivity strongly indicates the absence of SARD.

    Conclusions:

    • Anti-DFS70 antibodies can serve as a biomarker to rule out systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD).
    • Accurate identification of DFS-ANA patterns and confirmation of anti-DFS70 specificity are crucial.
    • Clear communication of results to clinicians is essential for proper patient assessment and follow-up.