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Molecular Shapes

Molecular Shapes

Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...

Molecular Shape and Polarity

Molecular Shape and Polarity

Dipole Moment of a Molecule

VSEPR Theory

VSEPR Theory

Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular structure around a central atom from an examination of the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure. The VSEPR model assumes that electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between these electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The electrons in the valence shell of a central atom form either bonding...

Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments

Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments

The VSEPR theory can be used to determine the electron pair geometries and molecular structures as follows:

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

Effect of Lone Pairs of Electrons on Molecule Geometry

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Using In Vitro and In-cell SHAPE to Investigate Small Molecule Induced Pre-mRNA Structural Changes

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Molecular Shape and the Hydrophobic Effect.

Matthew B Hillyer¹, Bruce C Gibb¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118;

Annual Review of Physical Chemistry

|May 25, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores how solute shape influences the hydrophobic effect in water, synthesizing research since 2000. Understanding this relationship is key to advances in solute properties and water interactions.

Keywords:

hydration hydrophobic effect noncovalent interactions supramolecular chemistry water

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Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Chemical Physics
Materials Science

Background:

The hydrophobic effect is a fundamental phenomenon in aqueous solutions.
Understanding solute properties in water is crucial for various scientific disciplines.
The relationship between solute shape and the hydrophobic effect requires detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and synthesize research on the hydrophobic effect since 2000.
To evaluate the current understanding of how hydrophobe shape influences the hydrophobic effect.
To highlight the complex interplay between solute geometry and water interactions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of empirical and molecular dynamics studies.
Analysis of studies on small (molecular-scale) solutes.
Inclusion of both experimental and computational investigations.

Main Results:

A comprehensive overview of empirical studies on small molecules, synthetic hosts, monolayers, and proteins.
Summary of in silico investigations involving spheres, plates, concavities, carbon nanotubes, and proteins.
Identification of key findings regarding the impact of shape on hydrophobic interactions.

Conclusions:

The shape of a hydrophobe significantly modulates the hydrophobic effect.
Both empirical and computational methods provide valuable insights into these interactions.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex solute-water relationships.