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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

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The Relationship between Co-rumination and Internalizing Problems: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

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Co-rumination, the repeated discussion of problems, is modestly linked to internalizing issues like depression and anxiety in young people. This pattern is more common in females than males.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Co-rumination involves repetitive discussion of personal problems within relationships.
  • This behavior has been linked to both negative outcomes and friendship satisfaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the relationship between co-rumination and internalizing problems (depression, anxiety) in children, adolescents, and young adults.
  • To investigate potential moderator variables influencing this association.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic electronic search was conducted across major databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Scopus, etc.) for studies published since 2002.
  • Included studies quantitatively assessed co-rumination and internalizing problems using validated measures.
  • Thirty-eight studies with 12,829 participants were included in a random-effects meta-analysis using cross-sectional data.

Main Results:

  • Small to moderate effect sizes (r = 0.14 to 0.26) were found between co-rumination and internalizing problems.
  • Females scored significantly higher on co-rumination measures than males (d = -0.55).
  • Moderator analyses showed mixed findings, with the version of the co-rumination questionnaire used being significant (p=0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Co-rumination demonstrates a modest, significant association with internalizing problems, particularly depression and anxiety.
  • While having maladaptive components, co-rumination is also linked to friendship satisfaction.
  • Practitioners should consider how individuals discuss emotional distress when addressing mental health concerns.