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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
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Blind Procedures02:07

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Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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Corticosteroids or Not for Postoperative Nausea: A Double-Blinded Randomized Study.

L Nordin1, A Nordlund1, A Lindqvist2

  • 1Aleris Obesity Academy, St Lars v 45B, SE 222 70, Lund, Sweden.

Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery : Official Journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract
|May 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Corticosteroids like betamethasone show limited effectiveness in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after modern laparoscopic Roux-y-gastric bypass surgery. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols may require reevaluation based on these findings.

Keywords:
AnaesthesiaBetamethasoneCorticosteroidsERASGastric bypassLaparoscopyNauseaPONVTiredness

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a frequent complication following general anesthesia.
  • Corticosteroids are frequently incorporated into enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols to manage PONV.
  • Evolving surgical techniques necessitate periodic reevaluation of established ERAS protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of oral versus parenteral administration of corticosteroids in mitigating postoperative nausea.
  • To assess the impact of betamethasone on PONV within the context of elective laparoscopic Roux-y-gastric bypass (RYGB) procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind study design was employed, randomly assigning patients to receive 8 mg of oral betamethasone (n=50), parenteral betamethasone (n=25), or a control group (n=25).
  • All participants underwent elective laparoscopic RYGB with a standardized anesthetic technique.
  • Patient-reported outcomes, including nausea and tiredness assessed via visual analogue scales, and rescue medication use, were recorded at multiple time points over 24 hours.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in peak nausea levels, total nausea experienced, or the need for supplemental injections between the betamethasone (oral and parenteral) and control groups.
  • Demographics and identified risk factors for nausea were comparable across all study groups.
  • Operation times were consistent, ranging from 30 to 40 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • In the context of contemporary laparoscopic RYGB surgery, the prophylactic use of betamethasone appears to offer limited benefit in preventing PONV.
  • These findings suggest a need to critically reevaluate the inclusion and efficacy of corticosteroids within current ERAS protocols for this surgical population.