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Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Exon Recombination

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

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Merging Absolute and Relative Quantitative PCR Data to Quantify STAT3 Splice Variant Transcripts

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Alternative splicing generates novel Fads3 transcript in mice.

Ji Yao Zhang¹, Xia Qin^1,2, Hui Gyu Park¹

¹Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Molecular Biology Reports

|May 25, 2016

Summary

Researchers identified a new Fads3 transcript (Fads3AT9) in mice, revealing its widespread tissue expression and potential role in regulating fatty acid metabolism, particularly in the pancreas.

Keywords:

Alternative splicing Alternative transcript Fatty acid desaturase Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

The fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster includes FADS1, FADS2, and FADS3, with FADS1 and FADS2 having established functions.
FADS3 has multiple conserved alternative transcripts, but its specific function remains largely uncharacterized.
Previous research has not clearly defined the role of FADS3 or its various transcripts in metabolic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize a novel Fads3 transcript (Fads3AT9) in mice.
To analyze the tissue-specific expression patterns of Fads3AT9.
To investigate the correlation between Fads3AT9 expression and fatty acid profiles in mouse tissues.

Main Methods:

RNA extraction from various mouse tissues followed by reverse transcription and PCR amplification.
Sequencing analysis to determine the structure of the novel Fads3AT9 transcript.
Gas chromatography to quantify fatty acid composition in mouse tissues.
Comparative analysis of Fads3AT9 and classical Fads3 (Fads3CS) expression levels.

Main Results:

A novel Fads3 transcript, Fads3AT9, was identified, lacking exon 2 and encoding a shorter protein than Fads3CS.
Both Fads3CS and Fads3AT9 were ubiquitously expressed across 11 mouse tissues.
Fads3AT9 showed higher abundance than Fads3CS in specific tissues, including the pancreas, liver, spleen, brown adipose tissue, and thymus.
Pancreas exhibited low Fads3CS expression but over tenfold greater Fads3AT9 abundance, correlating with high levels of the fatty acid 20:4n-6.

Conclusions:

Fads3AT9 represents a distinct functional variant of Fads3.
Differential expression of Fads3AT9 and Fads3CS across tissues suggests specialized roles.
The expression pattern of Fads3AT9, particularly in the pancreas, indicates a potential role in the regulation and biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.