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Updated: Mar 20, 2026
Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophil-derived Microparticles for Functional Studies
Published on: March 2, 2018
Review: the Multiple Roles of Monocytic Microparticles
Ahmad Tarmizi Abdul Halim1, Nur Azrah Fazera Mohd Ariffin1, Maryam Azlan2
1School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Abstract:
Monocytic microparticles (mMP) are microparticles derived from human monocytes either under in vivo or in vitro conditions. The size of mMP is between 0.1 and 1.0 μm. Apart from the size range, mMPs are also identified based on phosphatidylserine and CD14 expression on their surface, though this is not always the case. Monocytic MP are critical players in inflammation, endothelial cell function, and blood coagulation. They exhibit dual function by either helping the progression of such conditions or limiting it, depending on certain factors. Furthermore, the numbers of mMP are elevated in some autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and metabolic disorders. However, it is unknown whether mMP play an active role in these diseases or are simply biomarkers. The mechanism of mMP modulation is yet to be identified. In this review, we highlight the mechanism of mMP formation and the roles that they play in inflammation, blood coagulation, and different disease settings.
Insights
Monocytic microparticles (mMP), small cell fragments, are involved in inflammation and blood clotting. This review explores their formation and dual roles in various diseases, clarifying their active participation versus biomarker status.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Monocytic microparticles (mMP) are cell fragments from monocytes, typically 0.1–1.0 μm in size.
- mMPs express phosphatidylserine and CD14, but identification can vary.
- They play complex roles in inflammation, endothelial function, and coagulation, with dual pro- or anti- effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms of monocytic microparticle (mMP) formation.
- To elucidate the roles of mMPs in inflammation, blood coagulation, and disease pathogenesis.
- To investigate whether mMPs are active participants or merely biomarkers in disease.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on monocytic microparticle formation and function.
- Analysis of mMP involvement in inflammatory and coagulation pathways.
- Examination of mMP levels in autoimmune, infectious, and metabolic diseases.
Main Results:
- mMPs are formed from monocytes in vivo and in vitro.
- Their functions in inflammation and coagulation are context-dependent, exhibiting dual roles.
- Elevated mMP levels are observed in various diseases, but their precise role remains unclear.
Conclusions:
- Understanding mMP formation mechanisms is crucial.
- Further research is needed to determine the active role of mMPs in disease progression.
- Clarifying mMP function will impact diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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