Biological function and regulation of histone and non-histone lysine methylation in response to DNA damage

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Epigenetics
• Cellular Biology

Background:

• The DNA damage response (DDR) network protects cells from DNA damage.
• Post-translational modifications of proteins are critical for DDR pathways.
• Lysine methylation is an emerging key epigenetic regulator in DDR.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the dynamics and regulation of histone lysine methylation in response to DNA damage.
• To discuss the functions of histone lysine methylation in DDR.
• To highlight advances in understanding lysine methylation of non-histone proteins during DDR.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on DNA damage response and epigenetic modifications.
• Analysis of research on histone and non-histone lysine methylation.
• Synthesis of findings on the role of lysine methylation in DDR pathways.

Main Results:

• Histone lysine methylation at canonical and non-canonical sites is dynamically regulated after DNA damage.
• Lysine methylation influences DDR protein recruitment, chromatin structure, and transcriptional regulation.
• Emerging evidence shows significant roles for lysine methylation in non-histone proteins during DDR.

Conclusions:

• Lysine methylation is a vital epigenetic mechanism regulating DDR and DNA repair.
• Further research into lysine methylation of histone and non-histone proteins will deepen our understanding of DDR.
• Targeting lysine methylation pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for DNA damage-related diseases.