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Nutritional Assessment in Critically Ill Patients.

Najmeh Hejazi1, Zohreh Mazloom1, Farid Zand2

  • 1Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
|May 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Malnutrition significantly increased in intensive care unit (ICU) patients from admission to discharge. Anthropometric measurements were better indicators of poor nutritional status than biochemical tests in critically ill patients.

Keywords:
AnthropometryCritical illnessIntensive care unitMalnutritionNutrition assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Patient Outcomes

Background:

  • Malnutrition is a critical factor impacting survival in critically ill patients.
  • Assessing nutritional status is crucial for managing intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
  • Early identification and intervention are key to improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the nutritional status of intensive care unit (ICU) patients at admission and discharge.
  • To compare different methods of nutritional assessment in critically ill patients.
  • To identify predictors of malnutrition in the ICU setting.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 125 patients was studied across 8 ICUs in Shiraz, Iran.
  • Nutritional status was assessed using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), anthropometry, biochemical markers, and body composition.
  • Dietary intake and prescription were also evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Malnutrition prevalence increased from 28.8% on admission to 58.62% on discharge (P<0.001) by SGA.
  • Significant decreases were observed in weight, mid-upper-arm circumference, muscle mass, and body cell mass (P<0.001).
  • Energy and protein intake were substantially lower than prescribed (approx. 26%).

Conclusions:

  • Malnutrition significantly worsens during intensive care unit (ICU) stay, as indicated by SGA.
  • Anthropometric measurements are more effective predictors of nutritional outcomes in critically ill patients than biochemical tests.
  • Delayed enteral feeding and longer ICU stays correlate with increased malnutrition at discharge.