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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Auto immune hepatitis.

Nicole Mf van Gerven1, Ynto S de Boer1, Chris Jj Mulder1

  • 1Nicole MF van Gerven, Ynto S de Boer, Chris JJ Mulder, Carin MJ van Nieuwkerk, Gerd Bouma, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vu University Medical Centre, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|May 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated liver disease affecting middle-aged females, with diagnosis based on clinical, biochemical, and histopathological criteria. Immunosuppressive therapy is effective, but research continues into AIH causes and alternative treatments.

Keywords:
Auto immune hepatitisDiagnosisEpidemiologyLiverTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive, immune-mediated liver disease.
  • It predominantly affects middle-aged females but can occur at any age.
  • The exact cause remains unknown, likely involving genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest trends in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).
  • To cover epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics, complications, and treatment of AIH.
  • To identify unmet needs in AIH research and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive MEDLINE database search was conducted.
  • Keywords included "autoimmune hepatitis," diagnostic terms, genetic factors, epidemiology, and treatment options.
  • English-language articles (reviews, meta-analyses, studies) were included without date restrictions.

Main Results:

  • AIH presents a wide clinical spectrum, from asymptomatic cases to fulminant liver failure.
  • Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical, biochemical, and histopathological findings.
  • Immunosuppressive treatment, primarily corticosteroids, is the standard of care, often inducing remission and normalizing life expectancy.

Conclusions:

  • AIH management has advanced with effective immunosuppressive therapies.
  • Significant gaps remain in understanding AIH pathogenesis, optimal treatment duration, and alternatives for non-responsive patients.
  • Further research is needed to address these unmet clinical and etiological needs.