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Related Concept Videos

The Pineal Gland01:02

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The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
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The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: A Single-Entry Point Endoscopic Intraventricular Approach for Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy
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Endodermal cyst in pineal region: Rare location.

Miguel Angel Lopez-Gonzalez1, Eugen Dolan2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Arkansas Neurosciences Institute, CHI St Vincent Infirmary, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.

Surgical Neurology International
|May 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights an extremely rare pineal endodermal cyst, a benign brain lesion. Surgical intervention is recommended for symptomatic or enlarging pineal cysts, with long-term follow-up advised.

Keywords:
Endodermal cystpineal regionpineal tumor

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pineal tumors are rare intracranial lesions.
  • Endodermal cysts in the pineal region are exceptionally uncommon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of a symptomatic pineal endodermal cyst.
  • To discuss the management and follow-up of pineal endodermal cysts.

Main Methods:

  • A 49-year-old female presented with dizziness and imbalance.
  • Imaging revealed a 1.8 cm pineal lesion with a mural component.
  • Surgical resection was performed, with pathology confirming an endodermal cyst.

Main Results:

  • The patient's symptoms of dizziness and imbalance significantly improved post-surgery.
  • No new neurological deficits were observed after the procedure.
  • Final pathology confirmed a benign endodermal cyst.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical intervention is indicated for symptomatic or enlarging pineal lesions.
  • Pineal endodermal cysts, though benign, require long-term follow-up due to uncertain chronic behavior.