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241Am INGROWTH AND ITS EFFECT ON INTERNAL DOSE.

¹*CH2M-WG Idaho, LLC, Radiological Control, 1580 Sawtelle Street, Idaho Falls, ID 83402.

|May 25, 2016

Summary

Am-241 ingrowth from plutonium decay can significantly increase internal dose. Bioassay analysis should consider Am ingrowth, especially for reactor-grade plutonium fuel aged under 30 years.

Area of Science:

Nuclear Chemistry
Radiological Health Physics

Background:

Plutonium (Pu) is utilized in commercial and military applications, including heat sources, weapons, and reactor fuel.
Americium (Am) can be produced from the decay of Pu within plutonium mixtures, a process termed 'ingrowth'.
Current dose calculation models may not fully account for Am ingrowth, potentially underestimating internal dose.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of Am ingrowth on internal dose from typical plutonium mixtures.
To establish criteria for when Am ingrowth should be considered in bioassay analysis.

Main Methods:

Analysis of three typical plutonium mixtures.
Observation of Am ingrowth over time.
Calculation of internal dose, considering Am ingrowth.

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Main Results:

Am ingrowth can lead to a significant increase in committed effective dose.
Reactor-grade plutonium fuel aged less than 30 years, initially without Am, is likely to exceed a 10% dose increase.
Heat source and aged weapons-grade plutonium typically remain below this 10% threshold.

Conclusions:

Am ingrowth is a critical factor in accurate internal dose assessment for plutonium.
Bioassay analysis should incorporate Am ingrowth when a potential 10% committed effective dose increase is identified.
Findings are relevant to irradiated uranium fuel and spent fuel recycling.