Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

8.2K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
8.2K
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

6
Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
6
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

8.3K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
8.3K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

3.8K
3.8K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

9.4K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.4K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

3.6K
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Histological Divergence Underlying Globular Body Shapes in Ornamental Goldfish.

Zoological studies·2026
Same author

Dynamic postoperative trajectory of osteosarcopenia predicts the long-term outcomes in colorectal cancer.

Surgery today·2026
Same author

Exploring the Developmental Origins of Limb Proportion Diversity in Birds: An Analysis of Ontogenetic Timing.

Evolution & development·2026
Same author

Artificial intelligence-assisted visualization of the dissection plane during robotic right colectomy using a duodenum-first approach: A video vignette.

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland·2026
Same author

From Visual Haptics to Force-Controlled Robotic Surgery: Preliminary Clinical Experience Using the da Vinci 5 System in Colorectal Surgery-Case Series Study.

Asian journal of endoscopic surgery·2026
Same author

Reply to the Letter to the Editor: Impact of an ERAS-Based Surgical Care Bundle Implementation for Preventing Anastomotic Leakage in Minimally Invasive Low Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

World journal of surgery·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K

Open and closed evolutionary paths for drastic morphological changes, involving serial gene duplication,

Gembu Abe1,2, Shu-Hua Lee1, Ing-Jia Li1

  • 1Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, 26242, Taiwan.

Scientific Reports
|May 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Goldfish twin-tail morphology arises from chordin gene changes. Unlike carp, goldfish chordin gene duplication and sub-functionalization explain this unique domestication trait.

More Related Videos

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
07:09

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

Published on: May 28, 2021

10.7K
Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element CRE Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element CRE Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K
A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
07:09

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

Published on: May 28, 2021

10.7K
Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element CRE Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element CRE Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Comparative genomics

Background:

  • Domestication drives significant morphological changes in fish, exemplified by twin-tail goldfish.
  • The genetic basis for twin-tail goldfish involves mutations in duplicated chordin genes, but the reason for this specificity remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate why twin-tail goldfish morphology is not observed in other domesticated fish, such as common carp.
  • To compare the effects of chordin gene knockdown in goldfish and common carp to understand differential morphological outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Morpholino-induced knockdown of chordin gene expression in single-tail goldfish and common carp.
  • Phenotypic analysis of morphant fish to observe morphological alterations.
  • Comparative analysis of duplicated chordin gene expression patterns between goldfish and common carp.

Main Results:

  • Chordin gene knockdown induced twin-tail morphology in single-tail goldfish but had no effect on common carp.
  • Expression patterns of duplicated chordin genes completely overlap in common carp.
  • Expression patterns of duplicated chordin genes are sub-functionalized in goldfish.

Conclusions:

  • Sub-functionalization of duplicated chordin genes in goldfish, following duplication and selection, underlies their drastic morphological changes.
  • The interplay of gene duplication, sub-functionalization, and selection provides a framework for understanding rapid evolutionary diversification in domesticated species.