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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Related Experiment Video

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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
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miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

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Deciphering the function of non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer.

João Ramalho-Carvalho1,2, Bastian Fromm3, Rui Henrique1,4,5

  • 1Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP), Porto, Portugal.

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Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play crucial roles in cell biology and prostate cancer development. Understanding ncRNA functions offers potential for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in oncology.

Keywords:
Prostate cancerTranscriptionlncRNAmicroRNAncRNA

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Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing reveals numerous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts impacting cell biology and homeostasis.
  • Aberrant ncRNA expression is implicated in human pathogenesis, particularly in prostate cancer, influencing tumor suppression or oncogenesis.
  • ncRNAs, including small RNAs and long non-coding RNAs, regulate critical cellular processes like chromatin remodeling, splicing, and DNA repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental biology of ncRNAs.
  • To highlight the significance of ncRNAs in prostate carcinogenesis.
  • To explore the potential clinical applications of ncRNAs in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ncRNA research.
  • Analysis of ncRNA roles in prostate cancer development and progression.
  • Discussion of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

  • The non-coding transcriptome constitutes the majority of transcriptional output.
  • ncRNAs exhibit both tumor-suppressive and oncogenic activities in prostate cancer.
  • ncRNAs are involved in key cellular events driving carcinogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs represent a significant layer of biological regulation with profound implications in prostate cancer.
  • ncRNAs hold promise as novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic tools in clinical oncology.
  • Further research is necessary to fully characterize ncRNA species, functions, and clinical utility.