Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence

Published on: September 22, 2023

Distinct mucosal immunopathologic profiles in atopic and nonatopic chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in

Bao-Feng Wang¹, Ping-Ping Cao¹, Xiao-Bo Long¹

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.

International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology

|May 26, 2016

Abstract

Background:

The role of atopy to aeroallergens in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mucosal immunopathologic characteristics of CRSsNP with and without atopy to inhalant allergens.

Methods:

Thirteen nonatopic CRSsNP patients, 9 atopic CRSsNP patients, and 11 nonatopic control subjects were enrolled in this study. The expression of type 1, 2, and 17 cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines for T cell subsets and granulocytes in sinonasal mucosa was detected using Bio-Plex suspension chip technology or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subjective symptoms were scored on a visual analogue scale (VAS), while disease severity on computed tomography (CT) was graded by the Lund-Mackay CT scoring system.

Results:

There was no significant difference in VAS and CT scores between atopic and nonatopic CRSsNP. Compared with control, both atopic and nonatopic CRSsNP demonstrated increased interferon γ (IFN-γ) levels in sinonasal mucosa. In contrast, although no difference in interleukin 5 (IL-5), IL-13 and eotaxin-1 expression, or mucosal eosinophil infiltration, was found between the control and whole CRSsNP group, atopic CRSsNP manifested an increased expression of IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin-1, as well as an enhanced infiltration of mucosal eosinophils in comparison with control and nonatopic CRSsNP. Mucosal eosinophil infiltration correlated with IL-5 and eotaxin-1 expression. No difference in IL-12, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-8, myeloperoxidase, "regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted" (RANTES), or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) protein expression was found among control, atopic CRSsNP, and nonatopic CRSsNP.

Conclusion:

Atopic and nonatopic CRSsNP have distinct mucosal immunopathologic profiles. CRSsNP is a heterogeneous disorder consisting of multiple groups of biological subtypes, or "endotypes," which may argue for different therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:

T cell atopy chronic rhinosinusitis cytokine granulocyte

More Related Videos

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Absorption of Nasal and Bronchial Fluids: Precision Sampling of the Human Respiratory Mucosa and Laboratory Processing of Samples

Published on: January 21, 2018

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract....

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Modeling tonsil organoids for studying mucosal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Tissue barriers·2026

Robust paraffin embedding of 3D cultured vocal fold epithelial organoids.

Tissue barriers·2025

A novel approach for lymphatic organoid embedding: eosin pre-staining and agarose pre-embedding.

Tissue barriers·2025

Increased autoreactivity and maturity of EBI2+ antibody-secreting cells from nasal polyps.

JCI insight·2024

Oncostatin M promotes epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Tissue barriers·2024

Exposure to endocrine disruptor DEHP promotes the progression and radiotherapy resistance of pancreatic cancer cells by increasing BMI1 expression and properties of cancer stem cells.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2024

See all related articles