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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

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Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
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DNA Damage Response in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Ageing.

Tangliang Li1, Zhong-Wei Zhou2, Zhenyu Ju1

  • 1Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.

Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics
|May 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are crucial for lifelong health. DNA damage response (DDR) pathways impact HSC function and aging, affecting blood system homeostasis and longevity.

Keywords:
AgeingDNA damage responseEpigeneticsHematopoietic stem cellsP53

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Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation
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Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Aging research
  • Hematopoiesis

Background:

  • Tissue-specific stem cells, like hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), are essential for maintaining organ function and longevity.
  • Aging is associated with impaired HSC self-renewal and differentiation, driven by transcriptional and epigenetic changes.
  • The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway regulates crucial cellular processes including cell cycle, death, senescence, transcription, and chromatin remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of how DNA damage response (DDR) influences hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fates.
  • To explore the role of DDR in HSC maintenance and its contribution to organismal aging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on DNA repair-deficient mouse models.
  • Analysis of literature on transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in HSC aging.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on DDR pathways in HSCs.

Main Results:

  • DNA damage response (DDR) intrinsically and extrinsically regulates HSC maintenance.
  • DDR plays a significant role in the tissue homeostasis of the hematopoietic system.
  • Aberrant HSC self-renewal and differentiation during aging are linked to DDR pathways.

Conclusions:

  • DNA damage response (DDR) is a critical determinant of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate.
  • Dysregulation of DDR contributes significantly to the aging of the hematopoietic system and the organism.