Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acid Attack on Concrete01:21

Acid Attack on Concrete

939
When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
The rate at which hydrogen...
939
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

1.3K
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
1.3K
Mortar Joint Deterioration in Masonry01:13

Mortar Joint Deterioration in Masonry

396
Mortar joint deterioration is a significant concern in masonry structures, with water accumulation in the joints leading to damage from freeze-thaw cycles. The repeated expansion of water during freezing and its melting during thawing develop and propagate cracks in the masonry joints. Eventually, this leads to the spalling of mortar from the joints, loosening masonry units and weakening the structure. The deteriorated mortar joints are also vulnerable to moisture intrusion into the walls.
The...
396
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

538
The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
538
Efflorescence in Masonry01:25

Efflorescence in Masonry

427
Efflorescence in masonry walls appears as a fluffy crystalline powder, often white, resulting from water-soluble salts within the masonry or mortar. When water penetrates the masonry, it dissolves these salts and brings them to the surface, where they are deposited upon evaporation of water.
While initial efflorescence is common post-construction and can be cleaned with water and a brush, in certain instances, efflorescence can reappear and gradually diminish over time as salts are leached out...
427
Mortar Joints in Brick Masonry01:25

Mortar Joints in Brick Masonry

522
Mortar joints play a critical role in brick masonry, filling the spaces between brick to bind them together and provide structural integrity and strength. The thickness of these joints is variable, typically ranging from less than one-fourth inch to over half an inch, based on structural needs and specific applications.
The process of joint tooling is implemented as the mortar begins to harden. This technique involves compacting and shaping the mortar to enhance both the appearance and the...
522

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Forensic behavior of dental posts under high temperatures: macroscopic and imaging evaluations.

Forensic science international·2025
Same author

Development of the Multidimensional Scale Related to Infectious Diseases in Dentistry.

Oral diseases·2025
Same author

Evaluation of craniocervical posture after myofascial pain treatment in adults with bruxism: A randomized clinical trial.

Journal of bodywork and movement therapies·2024
Same author

Occlusal splint or botulinum toxin-a for jaw muscle pain treatment in probable sleep bruxism: A randomized controlled trial.

Journal of dentistry·2024
Same author

Are CAD-CAM milled glass fiber posts better than prefabricated or custom glass fiber posts for endodontically treated teeth? A systematic review with meta-analysis.

The Journal of prosthetic dentistry·2024
Same author

Survival rate and treatment success of glass fiber posts cemented with two adhesive cementation strategies after up to 106 months: a randomized clinical trial.

Clinical oral investigations·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Light Enhanced Hydrofluoric Acid Passivation: A Sensitive Technique for Detecting Bulk Silicon Defects
09:15

Light Enhanced Hydrofluoric Acid Passivation: A Sensitive Technique for Detecting Bulk Silicon Defects

Published on: January 4, 2016

9.7K

Ceramic Repair Without Hydrofluoric Acid.

César Dalmolin Bergoli, Rodrigo Furtado de Carvalho, Julio Nogueira Luz

    The Journal of Adhesive Dentistry
    |May 26, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Repairing feldspathic ceramic with abrasive rubber tips and a primer system showed bond strength comparable to hydrofluoric acid treatment. This method offers a promising alternative for dental restorations, even after aging.

    More Related Videos

    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
    11:08

    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

    Published on: November 30, 2012

    19.6K
    Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
    09:46

    Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

    Published on: May 19, 2019

    8.8K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

    Light Enhanced Hydrofluoric Acid Passivation: A Sensitive Technique for Detecting Bulk Silicon Defects
    09:15

    Light Enhanced Hydrofluoric Acid Passivation: A Sensitive Technique for Detecting Bulk Silicon Defects

    Published on: January 4, 2016

    9.7K
    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
    11:08

    Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

    Published on: November 30, 2012

    19.6K
    Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
    09:46

    Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

    Published on: May 19, 2019

    8.8K

    Area of Science:

    • Dental Materials Science
    • Biomaterials Engineering
    • Restorative Dentistry

    Background:

    • Composite resin restorations on feldspathic ceramic require reliable repair protocols.
    • Hydrofluoric acid etching is a common but potentially hazardous surface treatment.
    • Evaluating alternative, safer surface preparation methods is crucial for clinical success.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the bond strength of composite resin to feldspathic ceramic using different repair protocols.
    • To assess the influence of hydrofluoric acid and abrasive rubber tips on bond durability.
    • To evaluate the effect of aging via thermocycling on bond strength.

    Main Methods:

    • Forty-eight feldspathic ceramic blocks were divided into three groups: hydrofluoric acid, abrasive rubber tips, or no acid etching.
    • All groups received a two-step ceramic primer system before composite resin application.
    • Specimens were subjected to thermocycling (6000 cycles) or tested immediately for microtensile bond strength.

    Main Results:

    • Aging significantly reduced bond strength in all groups (p = 0.000).
    • Non-aged groups treated with hydrofluoric acid (13.1 ± 2.5 MPa) and abrasive rubber tips (11.5 ± 5.1 MPa) exhibited the highest bond strengths.
    • The abrasive rubber tip group showed bond strength values similar to the hydrofluoric acid group after aging.

    Conclusions:

    • The bond strength between composite resin and feldspathic ceramic is susceptible to aging effects.
    • Surface treatment with abrasive rubber tips, without hydrofluoric acid, is a viable and promising alternative.
    • This protocol provides comparable bond strength to conventional hydrofluoric acid etching, enhancing safety in dental repairs.