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Chloride-Mediated Apoptosis-Inducing Activity of Bis(sulfonamide) Anionophores

Tanmoy Saha1, Munshi Sahid Hossain1, Debasis Saha1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune , Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 26, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Bis(sulfonamides) efficiently transport chloride ions across cell membranes, disrupting ionic balance and inducing cancer cell death via apoptosis. This highlights their potential in anticancer therapy by targeting transmembrane anion transport.

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Membrane Transport
  • Anticancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Transmembrane anion transport is crucial for cellular function and a target for anticancer therapies.
  • Developing efficient and selective anion receptors is key to advancing this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate bis(sulfonamides) as novel receptors for selective chloride ion binding and transport.
  • To explore the mechanism of ion transport and its effect on cancer cell viability.

Main Methods:

  • Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((1)H NMR) for anion-binding studies.
  • Lipophilicity assessment of receptor molecules.
  • Fluorescent-based assays for ion transport mechanism determination.
  • Mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c leakage, caspase activation, and nuclear fragmentation assays to confirm apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • Bis(sulfonamides) exhibit strong and selective chloride ion binding, correlated with sulfonamide N-H proton acidity.
  • Lipophilicity significantly influences ion transport efficiency.
  • Bis(sulfonamides) demonstrate superior anion-binding and transport activity compared to bis(carboxylic amides).
  • Chloride ion transport by bis(sulfonamides) operates via a Cl(-)/anion antiport mechanism, leading to disruption of ionic homeostasis and cell death through apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Bis(sulfonamides) are effective receptors for transmembrane chloride ion transport.
  • The disruption of cellular ionic homeostasis by bis(sulfonamide)-mediated chloride transport induces apoptosis in cancer cells.
  • These findings present bis(sulfonamides) as promising candidates for developing new anticancer agents targeting anion transport.

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