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Differences in the size of the palatal processes in mouse embryos with cleft palate induced in two critical periods
Insights
Cortisone acetate given to pregnant mice reduced the size of palatal processes in embryos, hindering their ability to fuse. 6-amino-nicotinamide had no significant effect on palatal process development.
Area of Science:
- Developmental biology
- Teratology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Cleft palate is a common birth defect.
- Understanding the molecular and developmental mechanisms is crucial for prevention and treatment.
- Exogenous factors during gestation can significantly impact embryonic development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of cortisone acetate and 6-amino-nicotinamide on palatal process development in ICR-Velaz mouse embryos.
- To determine if these agents cause or contribute to cleft palate formation.
Main Methods:
- Planimetric measurements of palatal process projections in ICR-Velaz mouse embryos.
- Intramuscular administration of cortisone acetate (7.5 mg) on day 12 of gestation.
- Intramuscular administration of 6-amino-nicotinamide (0.5 mg) on day 14 of gestation.
- Comparison of treated embryos with control groups.
Main Results:
- Cortisone acetate administration resulted in smaller pre-horizontalization palatal processes compared to controls.
- Following horizontalization, palatal processes in cortisone-treated embryos were inadequate to meet in the midline.
- 6-amino-nicotinamide administration did not significantly alter palatal process size.
Conclusions:
- Cortisone acetate exposure during a critical period of palatogenesis can lead to impaired palatal fusion in mice.
- The findings suggest cortisone acetate is a teratogen that interferes with normal palate development.
- 6-amino-nicotinamide does not appear to affect palatal process size at the tested dosage and administration timing.
Abstract:
Using planimetric measurements of projections of the space between the palatal processes of ICR-Velaz mouse embryos, we indirectly demonstrated that the pre-horizontalization size of the palatal processes after the i.m. administration of 7.5 mg cortsone acetate on the 12th day of gestation was smaller than in the controls. After horizontalization, the inadequate palatal processes were unable to meet in the midline as they do in the majority of normal embryos. The administration of 0.5 mg 6-amino-nicotinamide on the 14th day of gestation did not significantly affect the size of the palatal processes.