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An assessment study of CVD related risk factors in a tribal population of India
Vani Kandpal1, M P Sachdeva2, K N Saraswathy2
1Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. vani_kandpal@yahoo.co.in.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors like high BMI, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome are prevalent in India's Rang Bhotia tribal population. Age and physical inactivity significantly contribute to these conditions, necessitating targeted interventions.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Tribal Health
Background:
- Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a global health concern, with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) causing significant mortality in India.
- Limited data exists on CVD risk factors within India's tribal communities.
- This study focuses on the Rang Bhotia tribal population to assess CVD risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of CVD risk factors in the Rang Bhotia tribal population.
- To identify associations between CVD risk factors and demographic/behavioral variables.
Main Methods:
- An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 288 adult Rang Bhotias (20-60 years).
- Data collected via interviews (lifestyle, socio-economic status) and anthropometric/physiological measurements.
- Logistic regression analyzed associations between CVD risk factors, age, gender, and behaviors (smoking, alcohol, physical activity).
Main Results:
- High prevalence of elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) (56.6%), hypertension (43.4%), metabolic syndrome (MS) (39.2%), and abdominal obesity (33.7%).
- Age was a significant risk factor for most CVD abnormalities, except elevated fasting blood glucose.
- Physical inactivity was linked to hypertension and high BMI; gender also contributed to hypertension.
Conclusions:
- The Rang Bhotia population exhibits high rates of key CVD risk factors.
- These findings highlight the community's susceptibility to cardiovascular disorders.
- Intervention programs should consider age and gender in their design for effective prevention and treatment.
Background:
Non communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major concern for global health. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) contribute 48 % towards the deaths due to NCDs in India. Though studies have been conducted in urban and rural areas, data related to tribal communities is limited. The present study aims to examine various CVD related risk factors including hypertension, elevated fasting blood glucose, obesity and metabolic syndrome among a tribal population.
Methods:
The present study was an observational, cross- sectional study conducted on Rang Bhotias, a tribal population of India. The participants were adults of age between 20 and 60 years. Prior to blood sample collection, interview schedule was administered which included relevant information like age, lifestyle, socio-economic status, education and occupation In addition to this, various anthropometric and physiological measurements were taken. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of the various health disorders related to CVDs with age, gender and behavioural factors (smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity).
Results:
A total of 288 participants were surveyed for the study including 104 males and 184 females. High BMI (56.6 %), hypertension (43.4 %), metabolic syndrome (39.2 %) and abdominal obesity (33.7 %) were the most prevalent CVD risk factors observed in the population. The multivariate logistic regression analysis, conducted to examine the contribution of risk factors including behavioural risk factors on the studied abnormalities, revealed age to be a significant risk factor for all the abnormalities except elevated fasting blood glucose. Gender and physical inactivity contributed significantly towards development of hypertension. Physical inactivity was also found to be associated with high BMI levels.
Conclusion:
In the present study, hypertension, high BMI levels, MS and abdominal obesity have been found to be high among the studied population. The status of the population with respect to these abnormalities implicates susceptibility of the community towards various common disorders. The prevention and treatment intervention programs should be implemented taking into consideration age and gender.
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