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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

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Biosorption of Ni(II) by Fig Male: Optimization and Modeling Using a Full Factorial Design.

F Madjene¹, A Chergui, M Trari

¹Laboratory of Engineering Reaction Faculty of Engineering Mechanic and Engineering Processes (USTHB) BP 32, Algiers, Algeria.

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation

|May 27, 2016

Summary

Fig male biomass effectively removes Nickel ions (Ni2+) with 96.6% efficiency. This sustainable biosorbent offers rapid, high-capacity Ni2+ removal, making it promising for wastewater treatment.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Materials Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Nickel (Ni2+) contamination in water poses significant environmental and health risks.
Developing efficient and cost-effective biosorbents for heavy metal removal is crucial for environmental remediation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of fig male (FM) biomass as a biosorbent for Ni2+ removal from aqueous solutions.
To determine the optimal conditions and understand the mechanism of Ni2+ biosorption using FM.

Main Methods:

Batch biosorption experiments were conducted using FM biomass.
Ni2+ removal efficiency, uptake capacity, kinetics, and thermodynamics were analyzed.
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to elucidate the biosorption mechanism.
A 2(3) full factorial design was employed for empirical modeling.

Main Results:

Maximum Ni2+ removal efficiency of 96.6% was achieved at pH ~5, 1.70 mmol L(-1) concentration, and 5 g L(-1) biosorbent dose within 10 minutes.
Ni2+ uptake followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with an activation energy of 55.48 kJ mol(-1), indicating a spontaneous, endothermic process.
Langmuir model predicted a maximum Ni2+ uptake of 0.459 mmol g(-1), surpassing many existing biosorbents. FTIR confirmed functional group involvement in Ni2+ binding.
Biosorbent mass and pH were identified as the most significant factors influencing Ni2+ biosorption.

Conclusions:

Fig male biomass is a highly efficient and cost-effective biosorbent for Ni2+ removal.
The biosorption process is rapid, spontaneous, and endothermic, with functional groups on FM playing a key role.
The findings support the use of FM as a sustainable material for treating nickel-contaminated wastewater.