Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

1.2K
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
1.2K
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

1.1K
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
1.1K
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

921
Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
921
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

3.0K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
3.0K
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

979
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a...
979
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

5.4K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Gad et al. Management of Childhood Obesity. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2026, <i>27</i>, 3528.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Case Report: Effect of setmelanotide treatment in a young patient with acquired hypothalamic obesity following <i>Escherichia coli</i> sepsis and meningoencephalitis with brain abscess.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Effect of dual hepatic and portal vein embolization on future liver remnant function and volume prior to major hepatectomy.

Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery·2026
Same author

Distal ureterectomy versus radical nephroureterectomy for nonmetastatic distal ureteral urothelial carcinoma: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.

World journal of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Zaleya pentandra L. produces anti-arthritic effects by downregulating IL-6, NF-κB, and TNF-α and mitigating oxidative stress.

Inflammopharmacology·2026
Same author

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants traditionally used in Daulat Nagar, Punjab, Pakistan.

Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
11:10

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

Published on: November 16, 2011

96.1K

Idiopathic postprandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia.

Maria Güemes, Maria Melikyan, Senthil Senniappan

    Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
    |May 27, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Idiopathic postprandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (PPHH) in children is rare. Diagnosis requires a prolonged oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and while acarbose shows promise, frequent feeding alone is insufficient for management.

    More Related Videos

    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique
    07:35

    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique

    Published on: January 26, 2024

    2.3K
    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
    12:08

    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

    Published on: June 11, 2012

    19.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

    Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
    11:10

    Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

    Published on: November 16, 2011

    96.1K
    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique
    07:35

    Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique

    Published on: January 26, 2024

    2.3K
    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
    12:08

    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

    Published on: June 11, 2012

    19.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Disorders
    • Clinical Research

    Background:

    • Idiopathic postprandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (PPHH) is infrequently documented in pediatric populations.
    • This study focuses on characterizing PPHH in children, including its clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the clinical features, diagnostic methods, and management outcomes of pediatric patients diagnosed with PPHH.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of prolonged oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) in diagnosing PPHH in children.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort of six pediatric patients with PPHH was studied at a single tertiary center.
    • Diagnostic tools included 24-hour blood glucose monitoring, diagnostic fasting tests, and prolonged oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) or mixed meal (MM) tests.

    Main Results:

    • All patients exhibited symptomatic hypoglycemia after 120 minutes during prolonged OGTT, accompanied by detectable serum insulin levels.
    • Acarbose demonstrated efficacy in glycemic and symptom control for some patients but was limited by side effects; diazoxide was beneficial in one case.
    • Management with frequent feeds alone did not resolve hypoglycemia during prolonged OGTT/MM tests.

    Conclusions:

    • Prolonged OGTT is essential for diagnosing PPHH in pediatric cases.
    • Acarbose can be beneficial for PPHH in children, though tolerance may be an issue.
    • The etiology of PPHH in the studied pediatric cohort remains undetermined.