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Updated: Mar 20, 2026
Phosphopeptide Analysis of Rodent Epididymal Spermatozoa
Published on: December 30, 2014
Protective effect of ethyl pyruvate on mice sperm parameters in phenylhydrazine induced hemolytic anemia
Ali Akbar Mozafari1, Rasoul Shahrooz1, Abbas Ahmadi1
1Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran;
Abstract:
The aim of the present study was to assess the protective effect of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on sperm quality parameters, testosterone level and malondialdehyde (MDA) in phenylhydrazine (PHZ) treated mice. For this purpose, 32 NMRI mice with the age range of 8 to 10 weeks, weight average 26.0 ± 2.0 g, were randomly divided into four equal groups. The control group (1) received normal saline (0. 1 mL per day) by intraperitoneal injection (IP). Group 2 (PHZ group) was treated with initial dose of PHZ (8 mg 100 g(-1), IP) followed by 6 mg 100 g(-1) , IP every 48 hr. Group 3, (Group PHZ+EP) received PHZ (according to the previous prescription) with EP (40 mg kg(-1), daily, IP). Ethyl pyruvate group (4) received only EP (40 mg kg(-1), daily, IP). Treatment period was 35 days. After euthanasia, sperms from caudal region of epididymis were collected and the total mean sperm count, sperm viability, motility and morphology were determined. Testis tissue MDA and serum testosterone levels of all experimental groups were also evaluated. A considerable reduction in mean percentage of number, natural morphology of sperm, sperm motility and viability and serum testosterone concentration besides DNA injury increment among mice treating with PHZ in comparison with control group were observed. However, in PHZ+EP group the above mentioned parameters were improved. This study showed that PHZ caused induction of toxicity on sperm parameters and reduction of testosterone as well as the increment of MDA level and EP as an antioxidant could reduce destructive effects of PHZ on sperm parameters, testosterone level and lipid peroxidation.
Insights
Ethyl pyruvate (EP) protected sperm quality and testosterone levels in mice exposed to phenylhydrazine (PHZ). EP demonstrated antioxidant properties, reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and mitigating PHZ-induced toxicity.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Toxicology
- Biochemistry
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) is known to induce oxidative stress and negatively impact male reproductive parameters.
- Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a key biomarker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage.
- Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is being investigated for its potential antioxidant and protective effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the protective effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) against phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced toxicity in male mice.
- To assess the impact of EP on sperm quality, testosterone levels, and oxidative stress markers.
Main Methods:
- NMRI mice were divided into four groups: control, PHZ-treated, PHZ + EP treated, and EP-treated.
- Mice received daily intraperitoneal injections for 35 days.
- Sperm parameters (count, viability, motility, morphology), serum testosterone, and testicular MDA levels were analyzed post-treatment.
Main Results:
- PHZ treatment significantly reduced sperm count, viability, motility, morphology, and serum testosterone levels.
- PHZ administration led to increased MDA levels, indicating elevated lipid peroxidation.
- Co-administration of EP with PHZ ameliorated the negative effects on sperm parameters and testosterone, and reduced MDA levels.
Conclusions:
- Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) induces significant reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress in mice.
- Ethyl pyruvate (EP) exhibits protective effects against PHZ-induced sperm damage and hormonal imbalance.
- EP acts as an antioxidant, reducing lipid peroxidation and mitigating the adverse effects of PHZ on male reproductive health.
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