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Related Concept Videos

Requirements for Human Life01:26

Requirements for Human Life

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The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...
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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Thermal physiology in a changing thermal world.

Michal Horowitz1, Glen P Kenny2, Robin M McAllen3

  • 1Laboratory of Environmental Physiology; Faculty of Dentistry; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem ; Israel.

Temperature (Austin, Tex.)
|May 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This editorial reviews research on thermal physiology in changing environments. It emphasizes the complex adaptations of thermoregulatory and metabolic functions to climate shifts across biological levels.

Keywords:
assessment of thermoregulatory functionsbrown adipose tissue and thermogenic modulatorscentral and peripheral thermo-modulatorsevolutionary adaptationperception in thermoregulationsystemic and molecular cross-tolerance to novel stressors

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Physiology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Comparative Physiology

Background:

  • Organisms face increasing environmental temperature challenges due to global climate change.
  • Understanding physiological responses is crucial for predicting species' survival and adaptation.
  • Previous research has explored various aspects of thermal tolerance and acclimatization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize current research on thermal physiology in the context of a changing climate.
  • To highlight the complexity of thermoregulatory and metabolic adjustments.
  • To underscore the adaptability of biological systems to thermal stress.

Main Methods:

  • Review of submitted articles to the 'Temperature' call: "Thermal Physiology in a Changing Thermal World."
  • Synthesis of findings across diverse taxa and environmental conditions.
  • Analysis of studies examining physiological and metabolic responses.

Main Results:

  • Diverse thermoregulatory strategies are employed by organisms to cope with thermal extremes.
  • Metabolic rate adjustments are critical for energy balance under changing temperatures.
  • Adaptability varies significantly across different levels of biological organization.

Conclusions:

  • Organismal thermal physiology is a complex and dynamic field of study.
  • Understanding these adaptations is vital for conservation efforts in a warming world.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms of thermal adaptation.