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Body temperature regulation in diabetes.

Glen P Kenny1, Ronald J Sigal2, Ryan McGinn3

  • 1Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Temperature (Austin, Tex.)
|May 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with diabetes face increased risks during heat exposure due to impaired heat dissipation, affecting cardiovascular and glycemic control. Maintaining aerobic fitness may mitigate these risks.

Keywords:
cardiovascularcold stressfitnessglycemiaheat stresstype 1 diabetestype 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2) impairs the body's ability to manage thermal stress.
  • Individuals with diabetes exhibit reduced skin blood flow and sweating, increasing heat-related illness risk.
  • Vulnerability is heightened by poor glycemic control and diabetes-related complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of diabetes on physiological responses to heat and cold exposure.
  • To examine effects on thermoregulation, cardiovascular adjustments, and glycemic control.
  • To consider the role of aerobic fitness in mitigating diabetes-related thermal stress impairments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on diabetes and thermal stress.
  • Analysis of physiological responses during heat and cold exposure in diabetic populations.
  • Synthesis of data on core temperature regulation, cardiovascular function, and glucose metabolism.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes impairs heat loss capacity, increasing heat-related illness risk.
  • Reduced skin blood flow and sweating responses are characteristic of diabetes during heat exposure.
  • Limited research exists on cold exposure effects, though therapeutic potential is noted for type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes significantly impacts physiological responses to thermal stress, particularly heat.
  • Good glycemic control and aerobic fitness are crucial for potentially delaying complications and improving heat loss.
  • Further research is needed on diabetes and thermal stress, especially concerning cold exposure impacts beyond therapeutic uses.