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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Oncology
    • Stem Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Aging over 40 is associated with a diminished pool of pluripotent stem cells.
    • This age-related decline increases the risk of developing oncological diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of age-related stem cell decline on cancer development.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of young donor peripheral blood mononuclear cell transfusions in restoring stem cell function and improving tissue renewal in older adults.

    Main Methods:

    • The study involved two parts: 11 cancer patients (54-76 years) and 4 older patients (60-82 years) receiving transfusions from young donors (19-23 years).
    • Transfusions consisted of the mononuclear fraction of peripheral blood from donors of the same sex and blood type as recipients.
    • Measurements included blood cell counts, growth factor levels (FGFb, VEGF-A, EGF), and gene expression (p53, Bcl-2) in buccal epithelium.

    Main Results:

    • Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy/targeted therapy showed leukopenia and increased FGFb, VEGF-A, and EGF levels.
    • Post-transfusion, older patients exhibited a 3.25-fold increase in CD34+ cells, normalization of FGFb, VEGF-A, and EGF levels.
    • Gene expression analysis revealed decreased p53 and Bcl-2 in the buccal epithelium of transfused patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Impaired tissue renewal is a key factor in carcinogenesis in individuals over 40.
    • Transfusing the mononuclear fraction of peripheral blood from young donors can restore pluripotent stem cell pools.
    • This intervention normalizes excessive mitotic activity and may reduce cancer risk in older adults.