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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions
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Engineering galectin-glycan interactions for immunotherapy and immunomodulation.

Shaheen A Farhadi1, Gregory A Hudalla2

  • 1J Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.)
|May 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multivalent galectin-glycan interactions are key for immunotherapy. Engineering these interactions offers new ways to control immune responses for treating diseases like autoimmune disorders and cancer.

Keywords:
Biomaterialbionanoscienceengineeringglycanimmunobiologyimmunology

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry
  • Therapeutic Development

Background:

  • Galectins are soluble proteins that bind carbohydrates and regulate immune cell function.
  • Their complex roles in immunity, from resolving inflammation to promoting disease, make them attractive therapeutic targets.
  • Precisely modulating galectin activity is crucial for desired immunological outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review engineering strategies for therapeutics targeting galectin-glycan interactions.
  • To highlight the role of multivalency in designing effective galectin-based therapies.
  • To explore applications in immunosuppression, immune tolerance, and enhancing anti-tumor immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of molecular and biomaterial engineering approaches.
  • Analysis of multivalent galectin-based therapeutics.
  • Review of multivalent inhibitors of galectin-glycan interactions.
  • Examination of the 'glycocluster effect' in therapeutic design.

Main Results:

  • Multivalency is critical for affinity and specificity in galectin-glycan interactions.
  • Engineered multivalent galectins can induce immunosuppression and tolerance for autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection.
  • Multivalent inhibitors can restore T-cell function, promoting anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Engineering galectin-glycan interactions via multivalency offers precise control over immune responses.
  • This approach holds significant promise for developing novel immunotherapies and immunomodulatory treatments.
  • Further research into these engineered interactions can unlock new therapeutic opportunities.