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AC Electroosmotic Pumping in Nanofluidic Funnels.

Andrew R Kneller1, Daniel G Haywood1, Stephen C Jacobson1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|May 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Symmetric AC waveforms efficiently pump fluids through nanofluidic funnels due to their asymmetric geometry. This design rectifies both ion current and electroosmotic flow, enabling controlled fluid transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanofluidics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nanofluidic devices offer precise control over fluid transport at the nanoscale.
  • Asymmetric channel geometries are known to induce rectification phenomena in ion and fluid flow.
  • Understanding electroosmotic flow (EOF) is crucial for microfluidic and nanofluidic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate efficient fluid pumping in nanofluidic funnels using symmetric AC waveforms.
  • To analyze the rectification of ion current and electroosmotic flow in asymmetric nanofluidic funnels.
  • To explore the relationship between electric field strength and rectification efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of nanofluidic funnels in glass substrates using focused ion beam (FIB) milling.
  • Characterization of ion current rectification via current-voltage (I-V) measurements.
  • Assessment of electroosmotic flow rectification using a fluorescent probe and tracking its transport.
  • Three-dimensional simulations of ion and electroosmotic transport.

Main Results:

  • Symmetric AC waveforms demonstrated efficient fluid pumping across a range of frequencies (5 Hz to 5 kHz).
  • Nanofluidic funnels exhibited distinct ion conductance and EOF velocity in opposite directions, confirming rectification.
  • Both ion current and EOF rectification increased with higher applied electric fields.
  • Simulations supported experimental findings, attributing asymmetric EOF to induced pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Asymmetric nanofluidic funnel geometry effectively rectifies both ion current and electroosmotic flow under symmetric AC excitation.
  • This rectification enables efficient, controlled fluid pumping, with performance tunable by electric field strength.
  • The study provides a foundation for designing advanced nanofluidic devices for targeted fluid manipulation.