[Surgical treatment for patients with hyperparathyroidism]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Surgical Oncology
• Anatomy

Background:

• Parathyroid surgery requires detailed anatomical knowledge due to gland number and location variations.
• Hyperparathyroidism treatment is shifting from bilateral exploration to minimally invasive approaches.
• Ensuring surgical success necessitates precise localization of affected parathyroid glands.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the importance of anatomical knowledge and accurate localization in parathyroid surgery.
• To discuss the evolution of surgical techniques for hyperparathyroidism.
• To introduce advanced intraoperative methods enhancing surgical safety and reliability.

Main Methods:

• Review of surgical anatomy and localization techniques for parathyroid glands.
• Analysis of the transition from traditional bilateral exploration to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.
• Integration of intraoperative tools such as radio-guided surgery, intraoperative parathyroid hormone (iPTH) measurement, and neuromonitoring.

Main Results:

• Variations in parathyroid gland number and location underscore the need for precise localization.
• Minimally invasive surgery offers a less invasive alternative to traditional exploration.
• Intraoperative technologies improve the safety and effectiveness of parathyroidectomy.

Conclusions:

• Mastery of surgical anatomy and accurate gland localization are paramount for successful parathyroid surgery.
• The adoption of minimally invasive techniques and advanced intraoperative monitoring signifies progress in hyperparathyroidism management.
• These advancements contribute to safer and more reliable surgical outcomes for patients.