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Management of opioid-induced constipation
David Prichard1, Christine Norton2, Adil E Bharucha3
1Senior Associate Consultant, Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic Health System La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA.
British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)
|May 28, 2016
Summary
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) affects up to 40% of patients, impacting pain management and quality of life. Effective OIC management involves reassessing opioids, lifestyle changes, and targeted laxative or antagonist therapies.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pain Management
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a common adverse effect of opioid therapy, affecting up to 40% of patients.
- OIC can significantly impair patients' quality of life and may necessitate reduced opioid dosages, compromising pain management.
- Healthcare providers should routinely assess bowel function in patients using opioids.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent literature on the management of opioid-induced constipation.
- To provide a rational, evidence-based approach for assessing and managing OIC in patients receiving opioid analgesics.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive review of recent scientific literature pertaining to OIC.
- Analysis of current treatment strategies, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.
Main Results:
- Management strategies for OIC encompass re-evaluation of opioid necessity, type, and dosage.
- Lifestyle modifications, simple laxatives, and advanced therapies like opioid antagonists (naloxone, naloxegol, methylnaltrexone) are key treatment components.
- A systematic approach to OIC assessment and management is crucial for patient care.
Conclusions:
- Opioid-induced constipation requires proactive assessment and management by healthcare professionals.
- A multi-faceted approach, including opioid dose adjustment and targeted pharmacotherapy, is essential for effective OIC treatment.
- Optimizing OIC management can improve patient quality of life and ensure adequate pain control.
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