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Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

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Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
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Iodometry and iodimetry are analytical methods used to determine the concentration of oxidizing or reducing agents using iodine. In iodometric titrations, the oxidizing analyte solution is usually acidified and treated with an excess of iodide ions, which generates an equivalent amount of iodine in equilibrium with triiodide. The released iodine is subsequently titrated directly against a standardized reducing agent. As the dilute iodine color becomes pale yellow, a few drops of freshly...
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EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Quantification of Humic and Fulvic Acids in Humate Ores, DOC, Humified Materials and Humic Substance-Containing Commercial Products
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Iodine binding to humic acid.

H E Bowley1, S D Young2, E L Ander3

  • 1University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics, LE12 5RD, UK; Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK.

Chemosphere
|May 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Humic acid reacts with iodide and iodate, transforming iodide into organic iodine. Iodate rapidly converts to iodide and organic iodine, suggesting redox coupling and incomplete mixing with native iodine.

Keywords:
Humic acidIodineIodine-129KineticsSoilSpeciation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Radiochemistry
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Humic acid (HA) plays a crucial role in the environmental fate of iodine species.
  • Understanding iodine transformations in soil and aquatic systems is vital for predicting contaminant transport and bioavailability.
  • Radioactive iodine isotopes, like iodine-129, require careful study due to their long half-lives and potential environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reaction kinetics and speciation changes of iodide (I(-)) and iodate (IO3(-)) in humic acid suspensions spiked with iodine-129 ((129)I).
  • To determine the extent of organic iodine (Org-(129)I) formation and the influence of different iodine species on these transformations.
  • To model the long-term fate of (129)I in humic acid systems and assess isotopic mixing.

Main Methods:

  • Incubation of humic acid suspensions with varying concentrations of (129)I(-) and (129)IO3(-) at 10°C for 77 days.
  • Monitoring of iodine speciation using liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS).
  • Characterization of organic iodine binding fractions using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and kinetic modeling.

Main Results:

  • In (129)I(-)-spiked suspensions, 25% was transformed into Org-(129)I within 77 days, with no (129)IO3(-) formation.
  • (129)IO3(-)-spiked suspensions showed rapid loss of iodate and increased iodide and Org-(129)I, indicating redox coupling.
  • Size exclusion chromatography revealed Org-(129)I in both high and low molecular weight HA fractions, with a preference for lower molecular weight fractions, suggesting incomplete isotopic mixing.

Conclusions:

  • Humic acid facilitates the transformation of inorganic iodine species into organic forms, with iodate being more reactive than iodide.
  • Redox coupling between iodide and iodate influences the transformation pathways and rates of organic iodine formation.
  • Long-term modeling suggests a pseudo-steady state is reached, but a fraction of native iodine-127 remains unavailable for isotopic exchange, indicating the presence of a recalcitrant pool.