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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells
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Biological Rhythms in the Skin.

Mary S Matsui1,2, Edward Pelle3,4, Kelly Dong5

  • 1The Estee Lauder Companies; 125 Pinelawn Rd., Melville, NY 11747, USA. mmatsui@estee.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circadian rhythms, or daily biological cycles, are present in all cells, including the skin. This review explores skin

Keywords:
Krüppel-like factor 9circadian rhythmclock genes and skinglucocorticoidskeratinocyte differentiationoxidative stresssebumskin agingskin barriertrans-epidermal water loss

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms are endogenous ≈24-hour oscillations governing physiological and behavioral processes.
  • These rhythms are orchestrated by a master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), influencing peripheral clocks in all cells.
  • The skin possesses autonomous peripheral clocks and is influenced by the central circadian system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on circadian and ultradian rhythms in the skin.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms, functional roles, and regulatory factors of cutaneous rhythms.
  • To discuss the implications of disrupted skin clock signaling for dermatological health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on circadian and ultradian rhythms in skin.
  • Analysis of molecular clock mechanisms and their manifestation in skin physiology.
  • Examination of environmental and internal factors affecting skin clock function.

Main Results:

  • Skin cells exhibit autonomous peripheral circadian clocks regulated by conserved transcriptional-translational feedback loops.
  • Cutaneous rhythms influence various skin functions, including barrier repair, immune response, and cell proliferation.
  • Environmental cues and lifestyle factors can disrupt skin circadian rhythms, potentially impacting skin health.

Conclusions:

  • The skin possesses a complex circadian system crucial for its proper function and health.
  • Understanding skin circadian biology offers potential for novel therapeutic strategies in dermatology.
  • Further research is needed to fully unravel the interplay between circadian rhythms and skin homeostasis.