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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

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The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
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Magnetic Fields01:27

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
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The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
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Magnetic Declination01:19

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Magnetic declination is the angle between true north, which aligns with the Earth's rotational axis, and magnetic north, which follows the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. This discrepancy exists because the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographic poles. The value of magnetic declination depends on the observer's location on Earth and is subject to changes over time due to the dynamic nature of the Earth's magnetic field.The declination is called eastern when magnetic north...
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Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

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Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Meridians01:28

Meridians

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In surveying, meridians are vital reference lines to measure directions and establish accurate land orientations. Meridians run from the north to the south poles, providing a stable framework for angular measurements and mapping. Meridians are fundamental in survey design, with the primary types being astronomic, magnetic, and assumed meridians. Each type offers distinct benefits and limitations, selected based on the project's scale and precision needs.The astronomic meridian is aligned with...
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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

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New Limits on Extragalactic Magnetic Fields from Rotation Measures.

M S Pshirkov1,2,3, P G Tinyakov4, F R Urban4

  • 1Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Universitetsky prospekt 13, 119992 Moscow, Russia.

Physical Review Letters
|May 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New research sets upper limits on extragalactic magnetic fields using rotation measures data. The study found magnetic fields with Jeans

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmic Magnetism
  • Astrophysics
  • Cosmology

Background:

  • Extragalactic magnetic fields are crucial for understanding the Universe's evolution and phenomena.
  • Previous estimations of extragalactic magnetic field strengths have been limited by data and methodology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive statistically robust upper limits on the strength of extragalactic magnetic fields.
  • To constrain magnetic field properties using rotation measures data from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized rotation measures data from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey.
  • Simulated extragalactic magnetic field contributions to rotation measures, assuming electron density follows Lyman-α cloud distribution.
  • Analyzed trends of rotation measures with redshift to constrain field strength and coherence length.

Main Results:

  • Constrained magnetic fields with Jeans' length coherence to be below 1.7 nanotesla (nG) at the 2σ level.
  • Constrained magnetic fields coherent across the entire observable Universe to be below 0.65 nG.
  • Established that these limits are independent of the specific origin of the cosmological magnetic fields.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides significant new upper limits on extragalactic magnetic field strengths.
  • The findings contribute to a better understanding of the large-scale magnetic structure of the Universe.