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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

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Parametric and energy consumption optimization of Basic Red 2 removal by electrocoagulation/egg shell adsorption

Helder Pereira de Carvalho¹, Jiguo Huang¹, Meixia Zhao¹

¹Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research

|May 28, 2016

Summary

This study optimized the electrocoagulation/eggshell (ES) process for Basic Red 2 (BR2) dye removal. The optimized process achieved 93.18% dye removal with minimal energy consumption.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Chemistry
Water Treatment Technologies
Process Optimization

Background:

Textile industry wastewater often contains persistent dyes like Basic Red 2 (BR2).
Conventional dye removal methods can be inefficient or costly.
Electrocoagulation (EC) coupled with natural materials offers a promising alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

To optimize the electrocoagulation/eggshell (ES) process for Basic Red 2 (BR2) dye removal.
To evaluate the impact of key operational parameters on dye removal efficiency and energy consumption.
To establish optimal conditions for a cost-effective and efficient dye removal system.

Main Methods:

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD).
Investigated parameters: current density, reaction time, initial pH, and ES dosage.
Analyzed BR2 removal efficiency and energy consumption.

Main Results:

RSM models demonstrated high accuracy (R² ≥ 85%) for predicting responses.
Optimal conditions determined: 11.40 mA/cm² current density, 5 min 3 s reaction time, pH 6.5, and 10.91 g/L ES dosage.
Achieved a maximum BR2 removal efficiency of 93.18% with an energy consumption of 0.840 kWh/kg.

Conclusions:

The electrocoagulation/eggshell process, optimized using RSM, is highly effective for BR2 dye removal.
The study provides optimal operating parameters for efficient and energy-conscious wastewater treatment.
This coupled process presents a viable solution for textile dye effluent remediation.