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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Luminal Ca(2+) dynamics during IP3R mediated signals.

Lucia F Lopez1, Silvina Ponce Dawson

  • 1DF, FCEN-UBA, Argentina. IFIBA, CONICET, Argentina.

Physical Biology
|May 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Luminal calcium dynamics in Xenopus oocytes reveal a rapid buffering mechanism ensuring free calcium availability for Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) signaling, crucial for cellular calcium regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Calcium Signaling

Background:

  • Cytosolic calcium's role in Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and calcium signaling is well-studied.
  • The influence of luminal calcium on IP3R-mediated calcium release and signal termination remains less understood.
  • Previous research suggests luminal calcium is relevant for signal termination in ryanodine receptor calcium release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the simultaneous dynamics of luminal and cytosolic calcium in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
  • To elucidate the role of luminal calcium in the kinetics of IP3R-mediated calcium signals.
  • To understand the mechanisms ensuring free luminal calcium availability during calcium release events.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous observation of luminal and cytosolic calcium dynamics.

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  • Experimental measurements in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
  • Computational modeling to interpret experimental data.

    • Main Results:

    • A rapid mechanism ensures the availability of free luminal calcium even during large calcium release events.
    • Comparison of luminal and cytosolic calcium dynamics suggests approximately 80% of luminal calcium is buffered.
    • The rapid availability of free luminal calcium correlates with the significant volume occupied by the lumen in observed regions.

    Conclusions:

    • Xenopus oocytes possess a rapid mechanism for maintaining free luminal calcium availability.
    • Luminal calcium buffering plays a significant role in regulating calcium release through IP3Rs.
    • Understanding luminal calcium dynamics is essential for comprehending cellular calcium signaling.