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Related Concept Videos

Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax
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Nucleotide polymorphism affecting FLC expression underpins heading date variation in horticultural brassicas.

Judith A Irwin1, Eleni Soumpourou1, Clare Lister1

  • 1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.

The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology
|May 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Variation in flowering time in Brassica oleracea is determined by allelic differences in the FLOWERING LOCUS C.C2 (BoFLC.C2) gene, impacting vernalization response and heading dates for year-round harvesting.

Keywords:
Brassica oleraceaFLCaccession numbers KU521322/3environmental sensitivityvernalization

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Flowering time variation in Brassica vegetables enables year-round harvesting.
  • Understanding the molecular basis of flowering time is crucial for crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular basis of heading date variation in Brassica oleracea.
  • To identify the genetic factors controlling vernalization response and flowering time.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of BoFLC.C2 alleles in Brassica oleracea.
  • Complementation experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Analysis of epigenetic silencing in response to cold.

Main Results:

  • Allelic variation at BoFLC.C2 is a major determinant of heading date variation.
  • Distinct BoFLC.C2 alleles exhibit different cold-induced epigenetic silencing and expression dynamics.
  • Cis-polymorphism at BoFLC.C2 quantitatively influences vernalization response and heading date.

Conclusions:

  • Breeding for heading date variation in brassicas involves selection of cis-polymorphism at FLC genes.
  • Understanding BoFLC.C2 allelic variation allows for selection of climate-resilient varieties.
  • This knowledge facilitates breeding for robust heading dates under changing climatic conditions.