Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

XPC and global genome nucleotide excision repair are essential for telomere stability after UVC-induced DNA damage in human cells.

DNA repair·2026
Same author

First Detection of Xylazine in Texas Wastewater and Its Association with Fentanyl Use.

ACS ES&T water·2026
Same author

Oxidative DNA lesions destabilize centromeres and drive chromosome instability.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Parkinson's disease linked LRRK2 G2019S drives oxidative nuclear DNA damage and PARP1 hyperactive signaling.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Manipulating DNA repair and the DNA damage response to improve cancer therapy.

NAR cancer·2026
Same author

BLM and FANCJ role in the response to G-quadruplex-dependent telomeric replicative stress.

Communications biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

DNA damage processing at telomeres: The ends justify the means.

Elise Fouquerel1, Dhvani Parikh1, Patricia Opresko1

  • 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.

DNA Repair
|May 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Shelterin proteins and telomeric DNA structures uniquely process DNA damage at chromosome ends. This study highlights advances in understanding DNA repair pathways, including double-strand break repair, at telomeres.

Keywords:
Base excision repairDNA damageDNA repairDouble strand break repairG-quadruplexNucleotide excision repairShelterin proteinsTelomeres

More Related Videos

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging
06:44

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging

Published on: April 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging
06:44

Assessment of Global DNA Double-Strand End Resection using BrdU-DNA Labeling coupled with Cell Cycle Discrimination Imaging

Published on: April 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Telomeres, protective nucleoprotein structures at chromosome ends, comprise TTAGGG repeats and shelterin proteins.
  • Telomeric DNA's capacity for alternate structures (loops, G-quadruplexes) and shelterin's interaction with DNA repair enzymes uniquely influence DNA damage processing.
  • Shelterin's established role in preventing false recognition of telomeres as DNA breaks is critical for genomic stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the roles of shelterin proteins, telomeric DNA sequence, and structure in processing genuine DNA damage at telomeres.
  • To highlight recent advancements in understanding DNA repair mechanisms at telomeres, specifically double-strand break repair, base excision repair, and nucleotide excision repair.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in telomere biology and DNA repair research.
  • Focus on the interplay between shelterin proteins, telomeric DNA structures, and DNA damage response pathways.
  • Analysis of endogenous and exogenous DNA damage agents impacting telomeres.

Main Results:

  • Advances in understanding how shelterin proteins and telomeric DNA structures actively participate in repairing DNA damage.
  • Specific progress in double-strand break repair, base excision repair, and nucleotide excision repair at telomeric regions.
  • Identification of key interactions between shelterin components and DNA repair machinery.

Conclusions:

  • Shelterin proteins and telomeric DNA structures play crucial roles in the accurate processing of DNA damage at chromosome ends.
  • Significant progress has been made in understanding various DNA repair pathways at telomeres, but further research is needed.
  • Outstanding questions remain regarding the intricate mechanisms of telomere damage processing and repair.