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Related Concept Videos

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles01:24

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Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Preparation of Rat Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cultures and Quantification of Oligodendrogenesis Using Dual-infrared Fluorescence Scanning
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Activity-dependent calcium signalling in oligodendrocyte generation.

Kimberley A Pitman1, Kaylene M Young1

  • 1Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia.

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|May 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Neuronal activity regulates oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) via calcium signaling. This review explores how neural signals trigger calcium increases in OPCs, influencing their division and maturation in the central nervous system.

Keywords:
CalciumMyelinNeurotransmitterOligodendrocyte

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) proliferate and differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes postnatally.
  • Neuronal activity is a critical external regulator of OPC development in the central nervous system.
  • Neurotransmitters released by active neurons induce intracellular calcium transients in OPCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding calcium signaling in OPCs.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which neuronal activity influences OPC behavior through calcium.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating calcium signaling in OPCs.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways linking neuronal activity to intracellular calcium.

Main Results:

  • Neuronal activity-evoked calcium signals are a key mechanism controlling OPC proliferation and differentiation.
  • Calcium mediates gene transcription crucial for OPC division and maturation.
  • Understanding these signals is vital for myelin repair and central nervous system development.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium signaling in OPCs is a critical nexus between neuronal activity and oligodendrocyte development.
  • Further research into this pathway could reveal therapeutic targets for neurological disorders.
  • This signaling mechanism is fundamental to maintaining central nervous system function and repair.