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Updated: Mar 20, 2026
Author Spotlight: Assessing the Cardiovascular Profile of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Published on: September 27, 2024
[Estimation of plasma 25(OH)D vitamin deficiency in patients with metabolic syndrome]
Małgorzata Godala1, Izabela Materek-Kuśmierkiewicz2, Dariusz Moczulski2
1Medical University of Lodz, Poland: Department of Hygiene of Nutrition and Epidemiology.
Insights
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), affecting over 80% of individuals. This deficiency is more pronounced in men and during winter months, highlighting a critical public health concern.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of mortality in Poland, with incidence increasing.
- Metabolic syndrome (MS) presents significant metabolic risks, including those for atherosclerosis.
- Vitamin D deficiency is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for MS components like obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the prevalence of plasma 25(OH)D vitamin deficiency in patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.
- To identify demographic and seasonal patterns associated with vitamin D deficiency in this patient group.
Main Methods:
- The study included 268 patients (136 men, 132 women) aged 30-65 with MS.
- Plasma 25(OH)D levels were categorized: normal (>30 ng/ml), suboptimal (21-30 ng/ml), and deficient (<20 ng/ml).
- Data was analyzed based on age groups and seasons.
Main Results:
- A significant 80.97% of MS patients exhibited plasma 25(OH)D deficiency, with an additional 17.16% showing hypovitaminosis.
- Only 1.87% of patients had adequate 25(OH)D levels.
- Deficiency was more common in men (93.38%) than women (68.18%) and least prevalent in summer (47.14%).
Conclusions:
- Plasma 25(OH)D deficiency is extremely common in Polish patients with metabolic syndrome.
- Men, individuals over 55, and those assessed during winter months showed higher rates of deficiency.
- These findings underscore the need for monitoring and addressing vitamin D status in MS patients.
Unlabelled:
Cardiovascular diseases have been the main cause of mortality in Poland for many years, including premature death and the incidence is systematically growing. These diseases contribute to an increase in the number of disabled people and the cost of medical care. The problem of the so called metabolic syndrome (MS), which includes metabolic risks of atherosclerosis, has been known by doctors for a long time. Results of studies which have been conducted for some years confirm that vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor of MS disorders, including obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes.
Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess plasma 25(OH)D vitamin deficiency in patients with MS.
Materials And Methods:
The study included 268 patients with MS, 136 men and 132 women, aged 30-65 years (mean 59,62±9,21 years). The study group was divided according to the age and season. The plasma level of 25(OH)D above 30 ng/ml was considered normal, between 21 ng/ml and 30 ng/ml - suboptimal (hypovitaminosis) and below 20 ng/ml - insufficient (deficiency).
Results:
Plasma 25(OH)D vitamin deficiency was observed in 80,97% patients with MS, hipovitaminosis - in 17,16%. The recommended 25(OH)D concentration in the plasma was confirmed only in 1,87%. Plasma 25(OH)D vitamin deficiency was detected more often in men than women (93,38% vs. 68,18%, p<0,05);the lowest percentage of patients with 25(OH)D vitamin deficiency was observed during summer months (47,14%).
Conclusions:
Plasma 25(OH)D vitamin deficiency was very high in patients with metabolic syndrome, especially in men, people over 55 years and during winter months.
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