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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Neural Tube Closure in Mouse Whole Embryo Culture
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Screening for Open Neural Tube Defects.

David A Krantz1, Terrence W Hallahan1, Jonathan B Carmichael1

  • 1Eurofins/NTD, 80 Ruland Road, Suite 1, Melville, NY 11747, USA.

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
|May 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal serum screening, including alpha fetoprotein, remains vital for detecting neural tube defects and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially in decentralized healthcare settings. Newer methods like cell-free DNA screening are effective for aneuploidy but do not detect neural tube defects.

Keywords:
Adverse pregnancy outcomeAlpha fetoproteinAnencephalyMaternal serumSpina bifida

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Prenatal Diagnostics
  • Biochemical Screening

Background:

  • Biochemical prenatal screening historically used maternal serum alpha fetoprotein for open neural tube defects.
  • Current protocols incorporate multiple markers and sequential screening with serum and ultrasound for aneuploidy.
  • Cell-free DNA screening is a recent advancement for aneuploidy but does not cover neural tube defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of biochemical and ultrasound markers in prenatal screening.
  • To highlight the continued significance of maternal serum screening in decentralized healthcare.
  • To discuss the implications of abnormal maternal serum markers for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of biochemical screening protocols, including maternal serum alpha fetoprotein.
  • Integration of multiple marker and sequential screening protocols.
  • Consideration of ultrasound and cell-free DNA screening methods.

Main Results:

  • Maternal serum alpha fetoprotein is a key marker for open neural tube defects.
  • Combined markers and ultrasound improve aneuploidy screening.
  • Abnormal maternal serum markers can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes beyond neural tube defects.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal serum screening remains a crucial component of prenatal diagnostics, particularly in resource-limited settings.
  • Ultrasound is effective for neural tube defect detection in high-risk groups.
  • Abnormal screening results warrant further investigation for various adverse pregnancy outcomes.