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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering.

Johnathan Ng1, Jonathan Bernhard1, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic2,3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, VC12-234, New York, NY, 10032, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise in regenerative medicine for engineering bone and cartilage. Advances in bioreactor technology and mesenchymal condensation enable the creation of complex osteochondral tissue constructs.

Keywords:
Anatomically shaped graftsBioreactorBoneCartilageRegenerative medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells crucial for regenerative medicine due to their accessibility and differentiation potential.
  • Engineering functional tissues like bone and cartilage requires protocols that mimic natural developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current advances in using MSCs for engineering human bone, cartilage, and osteochondral tissues.
  • To highlight methods for creating anatomically exact bone grafts and mechanically functional cartilage.
  • To discuss the potential for studying osteochondral development and disease using engineered constructs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing perfusion bioreactors for the development of human bone grafts.
  • Employing mesenchymal condensation of MSCs for engineering stratified human cartilage interfaced with bone.
  • Replicating aspects of natural mesodermal development in tissue engineering protocols.

Main Results:

  • Perfusion bioreactors support the creation of anatomically exact human bone grafts.
  • Engineered stratified cartilage, interfaced with bone via mesenchymal condensation, demonstrates mechanical functionality.
  • Current advancements allow for the engineering of physiologically relevant bone, cartilage, and osteochondral composites.

Conclusions:

  • Mesenchymal stem cell-based tissue engineering offers viable strategies for creating functional bone, cartilage, and osteochondral tissues.
  • Engineered tissues can serve as valuable models for studying developmental processes and diseases.
  • Further development in bioreactor technology and cell condensation techniques will advance regenerative medicine applications.