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Tertiary Healthcare System01:21

Tertiary Healthcare System

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Specialized care provided over an extended period is called tertiary care. Usually, a primary or secondary care physician will refer a patient to tertiary care. A patient's maximum physical and mental function is restored in tertiary care, which is caused due to the impact of a chronic illness or condition. Tertiary care aims to achieve the highest level of functioning possible while managing chronic illness. For example, a patient who falls and fractures their hip will need secondary care...
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Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Hospitals-I01:28

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Hospitals offer medical and surgical care to the sick and injured, along with accommodation while they recover. At the same time, they also provide outpatient, emergency, psychiatric, and rehabilitation services to meet various community needs. In addition to providing medical care, hospitals also act as hubs for medical research and training. Hospitals use clinical procedures and evidence-based practice standards to deliver patient care. To deliver safe and efficient care, a nurse must stay up...
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Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

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Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
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Secondary Healthcare System01:11

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Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
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A&E departments: value for money?

A Murphie1, E Marsden1

  • 1National Audit Office.

Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
|May 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The National Audit Office (NAO) reviewed A&E departments in England and Scotland. Their value for money reports assess efficiency and patient care in these busy emergency services.

Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Public Administration
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • The National Audit Office (NAO) provides independent oversight of public spending.
  • Accident & Emergency (A&E) departments are critical components of healthcare systems, facing significant patient volumes.
  • Recent value for money reports have focused on the operational efficiency of A&E services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the value for money of Accident & Emergency (A&E) departments in England and Scotland.
  • To provide an independent assessment of A&E service delivery and resource utilization.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted site visits to 11 A&E departments in England and six in Scotland.
  • Analyzed operational data and performance metrics for A&E services.

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  • Published two distinct value for money reports based on the findings.

    • Main Results:

    • The reports offer a snapshot of current A&E service provision in selected hospitals.
    • A&E departments in England and Scotland collectively manage over 12 million attendances annually.
    • Over half a million new attendances were observed during the assessment periods.

    Conclusions:

    • The NAO's reports highlight key areas for potential improvement in A&E efficiency.
    • Findings provide insights into the challenges and successes of managing high patient volumes in emergency care.
    • The value for money assessments aim to inform policy and practice for better public service delivery.